Análisis crítico del programa de la asignatura Genética Médica de la disciplina Investigaciones Diagnósticas / A Critical Analysis of the Syllabus for the Subject Medical Genetics of the Discipline Diagnostic Research

Introducción: El programa de estudio es una formulación hipotética de los aprendizajes que se pretenden lograr en el educando. Constituye una herramienta fundamental de trabajo docente. Objetivo: Exponer un análisis crítico del programa de estudio de la asignatura Genética Médica en la carrera de medicina, a partir de lo normado en el reglamento vigente para el trabajo docente-metodológico. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para desarrollar un análisis crítico del programa de la asignatura genética médica, en la que se consideraron artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2022. La búsqueda fue realizada en Google académico, Dialnet, SciELO y Redalyc en septiembre de 2022. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: programas, genética, asignatura, disciplina y proceso docente-educativo. Dentro de este marco se incluyeron todos los artículos cubanos publicados; no hubo restricción en cuanto al idioma. Se consultaron 50 artículos, de estos 11 fueron seleccionados. Se excluyeron aquellos no relacionados con la educación médica superior. Resultados: Se orientó metodológicamente la inclusión de aspectos encaminados a la promoción de salud; fomentar las habilidades comunicativas; reformular los objetivos, incluyendo en su estructura los elementos esenciales; realizar un cambio en el orden de impartir el contenido, con modificaciones, además, en el nivel de profundidad y con aporte de un enfoque preventive; y declarar adecuadamente los valores, la rectificación de la cantidad de horas del fondo de tiempo y la actualización de la bibliografía. Conclusiones: Las insuficiencias encontradas en el análisis efectuado identificaron las áreas vulnerables hacia donde deben dirigirse las principales acciones encaminadas a aumentar la calidad del proceso docente educativo y reflejaron la necesidad de su reevaluación(AU)

Introduction: The syllabus is a hypothetical formulation of the learning aspects intended to be achieved in the student. It is a fundamental tool for teaching. Objective: To present a critical analysis of the syllabus for subject Medical Genetics in the medical major, based on the current regulations for the teaching-methodological work. Methods: A literature review was carried out to develop a critical analysis of the syllabus of the subject Medical Genetics, considering articles published between 2012 and 2022. The search was performed in Google Scholar, Dialnet, SciELO and Redalyc in September 2022. The keywords used were programas [syllabuses], genética [genetics], asignatura [subject], disciplina [discipline] and proceso docente-educativo [teaching-educational process]. This framework included all published Cuban articles; there were not any language-related restrictions. Fifty articles were consulted, 11 of which were selected. Those not related to higher medical education were excluded. Results: The methodological orientation was to include aspects aimed at health promotion, to encourage communicative skills, to reformulate the objectives (including the essential elements in their structure), to make a change in the order of teaching (with modifications also in the level of depth and contributing with a preventive approach), as well as to state the values adequately, to rectify the number of hours within the available time fund, to update the bibliography. Conclusions: The insufficiencies found through the performed analysis permitted to identify the vulnerable areas towards the main actions should be directed if aimed at increasing the quality of the educational teaching process, apart from reflecting their need to be reassessed(AU)

Percepción de la simulación en obstetricia y ginecología en el pregrado y posgrado de una universidad privada chilena / Perception of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of a private Chilean university

INTRODUCCIÓN: La simulación es una herramienta que promueve la confianza y desarrollo de habilidades en los participantes. En la evaluación de programas formativos la percepción de utilidad se vincula a la confianza y aprendizaje, y corresponde al primer nivel de evaluación según Kirkpatrick. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la percepción de internos y residentes de obstetricia y ginecología en escenarios de simulación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Investigación descriptiva cuantitativa, en una muestra a conveniencia de internos y residentes, quienes contestaron una escala de valoración global y de preferencias sobre sus simulaciones. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 63 respuestas de internos (63%) y 7 de residentes (78%). La valoración promedio de las simulaciones fue de 6,42 en los internos y de 6,64 de los residentes. El 67% de los internos y el 86% de los residentes no eliminaría ninguna simulación. Los internos repetirían todas las simulaciones, en tanto que los residentes repetirían tres simulaciones de un total de 11. CONCLUSIONES: La valoración de las simulaciones fue alta en ambos grupos, difiriendo en las actividades que prefieren repetir, lo cual puede relacionarse con las competencias inherentes al rol de especialista en comparación al rol del médico general o a las diferencias en autoconfianza de internos y residentes.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical simulation is a training tool that promotes confidence and the development of procedural skills in participants, from initial training to the training of professional teams. In the evaluation of training programs, the measurement of perceived usefulness is linked to confidence and learning and corresponds to a first level of evaluation of the quality of training according to Kirkpatricks model. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of medical interns and Obstetrics and Gynecology fellows regarding simulation scenarios. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative descriptive research, in a convenience sample of interns and fellows, who answered a scale of global assessment and preferences about simulations. RESULTS: The average score was 6.42 for the interns and 6.64 for the scholarship recipients. With odd answers about the repetition of scenarios. 67% of the interns and 86% of the fellows responded that they would not eliminate any simulation. Conclusions: The evaluation of the scenarios was excellent and satisfactory by the participants.

Student evaluation of a Learning Enhancement in Anatomy Program (LEAP) during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study

Background and Objective@#The pandemic acted as an accelerator for the development of online teaching formats in anatomy and histology worldwide. The authors introduce a bridging program that reinforces the knowledge and understanding of gross and correlative anatomy and histology acquired in a virtual environment in preparation for its future clinical application. The study aims to evaluate the Learning Enhancement in Anatomy Program (LEAP) conducted among first-year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila. @*Methods@#This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to determine the initial experience of implementing a learning enhancement program and assess areas for its improvement. An internally validated questionnaire was given to students after the program to gauge students’ reactions (Kirkpatrick Level 1 evaluation). Pre- and post-tests were administered to evaluate knowledge acquisition (Kirkpatrick Level 2 evaluation). Short-term behavioral peer evaluation (Kirkpatrick Level 3 evaluation) was also instituted. @*Results@#One hundred fifty-two (152) students participated in the study. General reactions from students to the LEAP were consistently positive, with a steady majority of the students rating ‘5’ or a ‘Strongly Agree’ to positive statements regarding the program. Higher ratings for more traditional teaching methods, such as cadavers, formalinized specimens, and bones, compared to virtual systems were apparent. However, inter-student variation in preference for teaching modalities was observed. All stations of the LEAP were evaluated satisfactorily, with most gross anatomy stations rated higher than histology stations. A significant increase was noted in the total post-test scores compared to pre-test scores. This improvement in test scores was observed in the anatomy and histology subcategories and in six of the seven organ system modules. Perceived behavioral outcomes were also generally positive. @*Conclusion@#The LEAP is a worthwhile endeavor, garnering overwhelmingly positive reactions and a significant improvement in test scores. Future studies are necessary to fine-tune teaching and training in a blended learning environment.

Becas para la formación de médicos especialistas académicos del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile / Academic residents fellowship program at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital

The mission of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital is to be the main University Hospital in the country. Along with training of health professionals in clinical practice and research, the Hospital provides comprehensive health solutions to the community. Since its foundation, it played an important role in the training of health professionals and specialists. To fulfill this mission, it is important to have outstanding academics and a system that allows their renewal and replacement. From January 25, 2001, the University of Chile approved the regulations that rule the Residents Program Fellowship, aimed to train the new generations of clinical academics. These regulations allow the financing of training programs in basic or primary specialties (such as internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, among others) or in specialties derived from them (such as cardiology, gastroenterology and reproductive medicine, among others.) The different clinical departments and the Hospital Direction define each year how many places will be offered and in which specialties. The Faculty of Medicine Graduate School carries out the formal selection of the applicants. This article reviews the results of this program between 2013 and 2021, analyzing in detail the traceability of each graduate over the years.

Efectos de un programa de rehabilitación remota en atención primaria en salud, posterior al alta hospitalaria por COVID-19: estudio observacional / Effects of a remote rehabilitation program in primary health care, after hospital discharge due to COVID-19: observational study

Se ha reportado un importante daño sistémico de los pacientes afectados por COVID-19, y aún existen interrogantes sobre las secuelas a largo plazo. Surge ante esto la necesidad de plantear programas de rehabilitación de los sistemas primarios de atención, que respondan a estas necesidades. Se realizó un programa de 6 semanas de rehabilitación remota, con seguimiento y progreso semanal, posterior al alta hospitalaria por COVID-19 a 114 usuarios de 4 centros de atención primaria de la comuna de El Bosque, Santiago, R. Metropolitana. Se incluyó a pacientes de edades entre 21 y 93 años, combinando los principios del ejercicio terapéutico individualizado, una evaluación presencial previo y posterior a las 6 semanas de trabajo. Los indicadores evaluados fueron: Minimental Abreviado, 1 Minute Sit to Stand Test (1min STST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), índice de Barthel y FRAIL. Se hicieron análisis inferenciales y descriptivos y se encontraron mejoras favorables en los indicadores de condición física (TUG y 1'STST), Índice de Barthel y el Simple "FRAIL" Questionnaire Screening Tool (FRAIL). En conclusión, si bien la mayoría de los indicadores tuvieron resultados favorables, es necesario seguir estudiando herramientas de evaluación más sensibles e intervenciones específicas que se adapten a las necesidades de las personas.

Significant systemic damage has been reported in patients affected by COVID-19, and questions remain about long-term sequelae. Therefore, the need arises to propose rehabilitation programs for primary care systems that respond to these needs. A 6-week program of remote rehabilitation, with weekly follow-up and progress, after hospital discharge for COVID-19 was carried out on 114 users from 4 primary care centers in the commune of El Bosque, Santiago, Chile. The program included patients from 21 to 93 years-old, combining the principles of individualized therapeutic exercise, a face-to-face evaluation before and after 6 weeks of work. The indicators evaluated were: Abbreviated Minimental, 1 minute Sit to Stand Test (1 min STST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Barthel index and the Simple "FRAIL" Questionnaire Screening Tool (FRAIL). Inferential and descriptive analyses were carried out and favorable improvements were found in the indicators of physical condition (TUG and 1min STST), Barthel Index and FRAIL. In conclusion, while most of the indicators had favorable results, it is required to further explore more sensitive assessment tools and targeted interventions that are tailored to people's needs.

O programa saúde na escola como política pública interfederativa e intersetorial: uma visão geral sobre sua estrutura, conformação, quadro institucional e traços constitutivos / The school health program as an inter-federative and intersectoral public policy: an overview of its structure conformation, institutional framework and constitutive features

O PSE é uma articulação interfederativa e intersetorial das redes de Saúde e Educação para desenvolver ações no mesmo território. Correlacionado à Política Nacional de Promoção de Saúde, visa propiciar sustentabilidade pela corresponsabilidade. Mais de 5.000 municípios aderiram nos biênios 2017/18 e 2019/20. A execução compete aos Ministérios e Secretarias de Saúde e Educação, Grupos de Trabalho, Unidades Básicas e Escolas Estaduais e Municipais. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfico-documental, o objetivo é apresentar sua estrutura geral, quadro institucional, traços constitutivos e conformação. Constatou-se que a parte normativa está bem delineada e não compromete, mas, a logístico-administrativa não, com lacunas identificadas à concretização ao cidadão. Preenchê-las pelo amplo diálogo é indicado à qualificação dessa relevante política pública.

The School Health Program (SHP) is an inter-federative and intersectoral articulation of the Health and Education networks to develop actions in the same territory. Correlated to the National Health Promotion Policy, it aims to provide sustainability through co-responsibility. More than 5,000 municipalities joined in the 2017/18 and 2019/20 biennia. The execution is responsibility of Ministries and Secretariats of Health and Education, Work Groups, Basic Units and State and Municipal Schools. Through a bibliographic-documental review, the objective is to present its general structure, institutional framework, constitutive features and conformation. It was found that the normative part is well outlined and does not compromise, but the logistical-administrative part is not, with identified gaps to the implementation to the citizen. Filling them in through the broad dialogue is indicated for the qualification of this relevant public policy.

Efectos de un programa de tele-rehabilitación en la capacidad física y disnea en atención primaria en salud, posterior al alta hospitalaria por COVID-19: estudio observacional / Effects of a tele-rehabilitation program on physical capacity and dyspnea in primary health care, after hospital discharge for covid-19: observational study

Resumen En marzo del año 2020, se declaró una pandemia de características mundiales, por un virus, que genera deterioro importante a nivel sistémico, SARS -CoV-2, con la enfermedad COVID-19. El deterioro funcional de quienes sufren secuelas post COVID-19 ha llevado a los profesionales de la rehabilitación a buscar formas eficientes de intervenir. Este estudio, descriptivo y retrospectivo, evaluó los efectos de un programa de rehabilitación remoto de 6 semanas, en 39 pacientes dados de alta de COVID-19, de un Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) de la Comuna de El Bosque, Santiago, Chile, entre julio y diciembre del año 2020, analizando la capacidad física con el test 1 minuto sentado-de pie y disnea con escala de Borg modificada. Los resultados mostraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la capacidad física y disnea de los pacientes intervenidos. Es necesario estudiar los beneficios de intervenciones específicas para esta población, y su impacto a largo plazo, entendiendo que convivimos con una nueva enfermedad, un COVID-19 prolongado, que incluso en cuadros leves está dejando secuelas funcionales importantes.

In March 2020, a pandemic of global characteristics was declared, due to a virus, which generates significant deterioration at the systemic level, SARS -CoV-2, with the COVID-19 disease. The functional deterioration of those suffering from post-COVID-19 sequelae has led rehabilitation professionals to look for efficient ways to intervene. This study, descriptive and retrospective, evaluated the effects of a 6-week remote rehabilitation program, in 39 patients discharged from COVID-19, from a Family Health Center in the Commune of El Bosque, Santiago, Chile, between July and December 2020, analyzing physical capacity with the 1 minute sitting-standing test and dyspnea with modified Borg's scale. The results showed statistically significant changes in the physical capacity and dyspnea of the operated patients. It is necessary to study the benefits of specific interventions for this population, and their long-term impact, understanding that we live with a new disease, a prolonged COVID, which even in mild cases is leaving important functional sequelae.

Valoración crítica del programa de la disciplina principal integradora Enfermería / Critical assessment of the syllabus for the main integrative discipline of Nursing

Introducción: La disciplina Enfermería es la principal integradora de esta carrera, donde se evidencian algunas transformaciones que responden a las exigencias de los planes de estudio D. A pesar de ello, persisten dificultades en ciertos componentes del programa que resulta necesario perfeccionar. Objetivo: Valorar las potencialidades y deficiencias en ciertos componentes del programa de la disciplina principal integradora Enfermería para el perfeccionamiento del currículo. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa que incluyó diversos textos, artículos, y materiales impresos y digitales relacionados con los programas de la disciplina principal integradora en la Educación Superior, en la Educación Médica y, particularmente, en la carrera de Enfermería. Se consultaron las bases de datos y directorios SciELO, Lilacs, Latindex, Medline, Scopus, mediante las palabras clave en español y operadores boléanos para ampliar los resultados: Enfermería, Disciplina principal integradora, Plan de estudio de Enfermería y Programa de disciplina. Fueron seleccionados 17 artículos originales y de revisión, nacionales e internacionales, publicados entre 2015 y 2020. Conclusiones: El análisis de la disciplina principal integradora Enfermería permitió identificar deficiencias en los objetivos educativos e instructivos, el sistema de habilidades, las estrategias curriculares y la tarjeta de habilidades, y realizar propuestas de perfeccionamiento del programa, que contribuyeron a la formación de un egresado de licenciatura en enfermería capaz de brindar cuidados de enfermería al individuo, la familia y la comunidad en relación con el medio ambiente en atención a sus necesidades, a través de la aplicación del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería(AU)

Introduction: Nursing is the main integrative discipline of this major, where some transformations are evident that respond to the requirements of the D Study Plan. In spite of this, there are still difficulties in certain components of the program that need to be improved. Objective: To assess the potentialities and deficiencies in certain components of the syllabus of Nursing as the main integrative discipline, for the improvement of the major curriculum. Methods: A narrative bibliographic review was carried out, including several texts, articles, as well as printed and digital materials related to the syllabuses of the main integrative discipline in higher education, in medical education and, particularly, in the Nursing major. The databases and directories of SciELO, Lilacs, Latindex, Medline, and Scopus were consulted, using the following keywords in Spanish and Boolean operators to expand the results: enfermería [nursing], disciplina principal integradora [main integrative discipline], plan de estudio de Enfermería [Nursing curriculum] and programa de disciplina [discipline syllabus]. Seventeen original and review articles, either national or international, published between 2015 and 2020 were selected. Conclusions: The analysis of the main integrative discipline of Nursing allowed identifying deficiencies in the educational and instructional objectives, the skills system, the curricular strategies and the skills card, as well as making proposals for syllabus improvement, which contributed to the formation of a Bachelor of Science in Nursing capable of providing nursing care to the individual, the family and the community in relation to the environment based on their needs, through the application of the nursing care process(AU)

Relação entre o perfil de adesão e as barreiras para a permanência no programa de extensão "yoga: awaken one" / Relationship between the membership profile and the barriers to stay in the "yoga: awaken one" extension program

Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o perfil de adesão e barreiras percebidas por estudantes universitários para permanência no Programa de Extensão "Yoga: Awaken ONE". Métodos: Foram realizados dois cortes transversais com universitários da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. O primeiro foi composto por 16 indivíduos e investigou o perfil demográfico, socioeconômico, antropométrico, da aptidão física e da qualidade de vida dos universitários que ingressaram no Programa de Extensão. O segundo visou identificar as barreiras para permanência de 13 estudantes (dentre os 16 iniciais) que haviam se afastado do Programa após quatro meses do início. Resultados: Houve predominância de indivíduos do sexo feminino, dos cursos de graduação em Educação Física e Pedagogia e da classe socioeconômica C. A maioria dos participantes estava com indicadores adequados de gordura corporal. Observou-se grande proporção de indivíduos com indicadores baixos de flexibilidade e força muscular. Para a qualidade de vida, a menor mediana foi observada para o domínio meio ambiente e a maior para o domínio relações sociais. As principais barreiras percebidas para a prática de yoga pelos universitários foram "jornada de estudos extensa" e "jornada de trabalho extensa". Observou-se correlação do perfil sociodemográfico, indicadores de obesidade, variáveis hemodinâmicas, flexibilidade, força muscular e qualidade de vida com barreiras percebidas para permanência no Programa de Extensão universitária "Yoga: Awaken ONE". Conclusões: Estes achados sugerem que o perfil do público universitário pode ser determinante para a permanência ou evasão de programas de promoção de exercícios físicos e precisa ser considerado em propostas de programas de extensão universitária.

Objective: Investigate the relationship between the member adherence profile and barriers perceived by university students to remain in the "Yoga: Awaken ONE" Extension Program. Methods: Two cross-sections were carried out with university students from the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia. The first was composed of 16 individuals and investigated the demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and quality of life profile of university students joining the Extension Program. The second aimed at identifying the barriers to remain in the program faced by 13 students (out of the initial 16) who had withdrawn from the Program four months after the beginning. Results: There was a predominance of female individuals, from undergraduate courses in Physical Education and Pedagogy, and from the C socioeconomic class. Most participants had adequate body fat indexes. There was a large proportion of individuals with low flexibility and muscle strength. For quality of life, the lowest median was observed for the environment domain, while the highest could be noted for the social relationship domain. The main barriers perceived for the practice of yoga by university students were "long study hours" and "long work hours". There was a correlation between sociodemographic profile, obesity indicators, hemodynamic variables, flexibility, muscle strength, and QOL with the perceived barriers to stay in the "Yoga: Awaken ONE" university extension program. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the profile of the university audience can be a determinant for the permanence or dropout of programs that promote physical exercise and therefore, it should be taken into consideration in proposals for university extension programs.

Atividades Físicas e Esportivas: desenvolvimento do modelo lógico do Projeto Vida Ativa Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul / Physical Activities and Sports: logical model of the Projeto Vida Ativa Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver o modelo lógico do Projeto Vida Ativa (PVA), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. O modelo foi realizado com uma abordagem prospectiva e optou-se por delimitar como marco temporal o ano de 2019, refletindo um período pré-pandemia de Covid-19 e um momento de consolidação recente do programa. Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas com a coordenação do projeto, além da análise de documentos. O projeto é uma política de governo, desenvolvida desde 2013, financiado e executado pela prefeitura municipal. O PVA tem como objetivo melhorar a qualidade de vida de crianças, jovens, adultos e idosos, em situação de vulnerabilidade social promovendo Atividades Físicas e Esportivas recreativas, aeróbicas, de resistência entre outros, além de eventos aos finais de semana e feriados. O modelo lógico possibilitou a sistematização de informações, demarcando objetivos, insumos, atividades desenvolvidas, produtos e resultados à curto e a longo prazo. Futuros estudos podem utilizar estas informações para avaliar os componentes do projeto

The aim of this study was to develop the logical model of the Projeto Vida Ativa (PVA) in the city of Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The model was performed with a prospective approach and focused on 2019, reflecting a pre-pandemic period of Covid-19 and a recent moment of program consolidation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the coordination of the project, in addition to document analysis. The project is a government policy, developed since 2013, financed and conducted at municipal level, promoting physical activities and sports recreational, aerobics, resistance, in addition to weekend and holiday events and aims to improve the quality of life of children, young people, adults and elderly, in a situation of social vulnerability. The logical model the systematization of information, as well as identifying the objective, inputs, activities developed, products and results in short and long-terms. Future studies can use this information to evaluate components of the project

Avaliação de programa de atividade física para escolares: desenvolvimento e validação de instrumento / Evaluation of physical activity program for students: development and validation of an instrument

Este estudo objetiva desenvolver e validar um instrumento para avaliar dimensões do planejamento e processo de implementação de um programa de intervenção voltado à promoção de atividade física em escolares. Foi conduzido um estudo metodológico realizado durante os meses de julho a dezembro de 2016, vinculado ao programa de intervenção intitulado de "Movimente". O estudo envolveu as fases teórica (construção do instrumento), empírica e analítica (validação de conteúdo por especialistas, com atribuição de pontuação para os itens e de semântica, por membros da comunidade escolar e alunos do 7º ao 9º ano). O instrumento é dividido em duas dimensões: planejamento e processo. Resultados mostram que a dimensão de planejamento foi composta por indicadores acerca da importância da discussão sobre temas de saúde no contexto escolar, interesse em participar do programa e de suas respectivas ações. A dimensão de processo englobou indicadores sobre conhecimento e avaliação do programa e de suas respectivas ações, bem como sobre o interesse em manter o mesmo. Todas as questões foram consideradas válidas (índices de validade acima de 0,90) e compreensíveis (escores acima de 0,82). Conclui-se que o instrumento apresentou qualidade satisfatória no que diz respeito a validade de conteúdo e semântica, sendo considerado apropriado para avaliação do Programa Movimente e programas e ou projetos similares

This study aims to develop and validate an instrument that evaluates dimensions of planning and im-plementation of an intervention program focused on physical activity promotion in schoolers. It was conducted a methodological study carried out during the months of July to December of 2016, part of the Movimente Program. The study included theoretical (instrument development), empirical and analytical phases (content validadion by specialists, with scores atribution to each item, and by par-ticipants with characteristics similar to those of the target population, including school community, and students from 7th to 9th grade school). The instrument is composed by two dimensions: planning and process. Results show that planning was composed by indicators related to the importance of discussing health topics on the school context; interest in take part of the Program and its respective actions. Dimension included indicatos related to awaraness and evaluation program, and interest on program maintenance. All questions were considered valid (validation scores greater then 0.90) and with a good semantic (scores greated than 0.82). In conclusion, the instrument showed a reasonable quality regarding semantic and content validity, being considered apropriate for evaluation of Movi-mente Program and similar programs of physical activitiy programs in schoolers

O PSE - Programa Saúde na Escola na região sul do município de São Paulo/SP: entre o legal e o real / The SHP - School Health Programme in the south region of the city of São Paulo, capital of the state of São Paulo: between law and reality / PSE - Programa de Salud en la Escuela en la región sur de la ciudad de São Paulo/SP: entre la legalidad y la realidad

O objetivo do estudo é compreender como o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), no que diz respeito à Educação Física, é executado (mundo do ser/real) nas escolas municipais da região sul da capital paulista, a partir das suas diretrizes jurídico-institucionais (mundo do dever-ser). Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores de Educação Física, um representando a equipe docente, e com coordenadores pedagógicos ou diretores, um representando a gestão da unidade. Os dados foram analisados no sentido de correlacionar as orientações do PSE com o que efetivamente ocorre na prática cotidiana. Constatou-se que, por um lado, o município aderiu ao programa, mas, por outro, os agentes pesquisados não receberam (in)formações, de forma que o PSE não foi implantado na região estudada, havendo, assim, um hiato entre a formulação e a execução desta política pública (AU).

The study's object is to understand how the School Health Program (SHP), in terms of Physical Education, is implemented (what is) in municipal schools in the southern region of São Paulo city, according to its institutional guidelines (what ought to be). For that purpose, structured interviews were conducted with physical education teachers representing the staff, as well as school coordinators and/or directors, representing the administration of the unit. The data was analyzed with the object of drawing correlations between the SHP guidelines and what effectively occurs in everyday practice. It was found that although the city did adhere to the program, the individuals who were interviewed did not receive information about it, meaning the SHP was not introduced to the studied region, therefore resulting in a hiatus between the formulation and proper execution of this public policy (AU).

El objetivo del estudio es comprender cómo el Programa Salud en la Escuela (PSE), en materia de educación física, es ejecutado (mundo del ser/real) en las escuelas municipales de la región sur de la capital paulista, a partir de sus directrices legales institucionales (mundo del deber/ser). Para eso, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con Profesores de Educación Física, uno en representación del equipo Docente, y con Coordinadores o Directores Pedagógicos, uno en representación de la dirección de la Unidad. Los datos fueron analizados con el fin de correlacionar las orientaciones del PSE con lo que realmente sucede en la práctica diaria. Se constató que, por un lado, el Municipio se adhirió al programa, pero, por otro lado, los agentes encuestados no recibieron informaciones, por lo que el PSE no fue implementado en la región estudiada, teniendo así una brecha entre la formulación y ejecución de esta política pública

Aplicativo para rastreio de fragilidade: ferramenta de cuidado ao idoso na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Application for screening frailty: elderly care tool in Primary Health Care

Objetivo: Desenvolver aplicativo de rastreio de fragilidade em idosos na Atenção Primária à Saúde e validar, semanticamente, com profissionais de saúde. Método: Estudo metodológico, realizado de fevereiro a março de 2021, por meio de validação semântica, com 75 enfermeiros e 44 médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família dos 25 municípios da 2ª Região de Saúde do Estado da Paraíba e construção de aplicativo móvel denominado APS para Idosos Frágeis, para uso em sistema Android, com linguagem de programação HTML, Java Script, CSS, PHP, Framework IONIC e modelo de produção MVC. Resultado: Entre as 42 variáveis presentes no instrumento de validação semântica foram selecionadas 20 variáveis para compor o aplicativo, formado por quatro Dimensões: Fisiológica, Funcional, Biopsicossocial, Cognitiva. Conclusão: O aplicativo possibilita a avaliação multidimensional do idoso na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Entende-se que o diagnóstico precoce da fragilidade proporciona estabilização do quadro clínico, diminuindo risco de hospitalização, morte e encaminhamentos para atenção especializada.

Objectives: To develop an application for screening frailty in the elderly in Primary Health Care and to validate it semantically with health professionals. Methods: Methodological study, carried out from February to March 2021, through semantic validation. With the participation of 75 nurses and 44 doctors of the Family Health Strategy from the 25 Municipalities of the Second Health Region of the State of Paraíba. In addition to the construction of a mobile application called Primary Health Care for frail elderly, for use on an Android system, with the programming language HTML, Java Script, CSS, PHP, Framework IONIC and MVC production model. Results: Among the 42 variables present in the semantic validation instrument, 20 variables were selected to compose the application, formed by four Dimensions: Physiological, Functional, Biopsychosocial, Cognitive. Conclusion: The application enables the multidimensional assessment of the elderly in primary health care. It was identified that the early diagnosis of frailty provides stabilization of the clinical condition, reducing the risk of hospitalization, death and referrals to specialized care.

Capacidade institucional para o cuidado às pessoas com doenças crônicas na atenção primária à saúde / Institutional capacity for the care of people with chronic diseases in primary health care

Objetivo: investigar a capacidade institucional para o cuidado às pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na atenção primária à saúde. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo e exploratório. A coleta de dados utilizou o questionário, traduzido e adaptado para o Brasil, Assessment of Chronic Illness Care. A coleta de dados aconteceu entre dezembro de 2017 a junho de 2018. O instrumento foi respondido por 159 profissionais que atuavam em 49 unidades de atenção primária à saúde. Resultados: a capacidade para o cuidado às pessoas com doenças crônicas foi classificada como básica. Os componentes com melhor e pior nota atribuída foram, desenho do sistema de prestação de serviços e suporte à decisão clínica, respectivamente. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo apontaram que é necessário investir, prioritariamente, em: feedback do especialista na contrarreferência, parcerias com a comunidade, especialmente nas unidades que atuam no modelo tradicional e capacitação dos profissionais para apoio ao autocuidado.

Objective: to investigate the institutional capacity for the care of people with chronic non-communicable diseases in primary health care. Method: cross-sectional, quantitative and exploratory study. Data collection used the questionnaire, translated and adapted for Brazil, Assessment of Chronic Illness Care. Data collection took place between December 2017 and June 2018. 159 professionals working in 49 primary health care units responded to the instrument. Results: the ability to care for people with chronic diseases was classified as basic. The components with the best and worst scores were the design of the service delivery system and clinical decision support, respectively. Conclusion: the results of this study showed that it is necessary to invest primarily in expert feedback on counter-reference, partnerships with the community, especially in units that work in the traditional model, and training of professionals to support self-care.

Coordenação do cuidado na Atenção Primária: gravidez, câncer de colo uterino e de mama como marcadores / Pregnancy, cervical cancer and beast cancer as markers of primary care coordination / Coordinación del cuidado en la atención primaria: embarazo, cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama como marcadores

O estudo buscou compreender a coordenação do cuidado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde para casos de gestação, câncer de mama e de colo uterino. O atributo foi entendido como a responsabilidade que os profissionais das equipes de Saúde da Família (eSF) têm em coordenar a atenção prestada aos usuários ao longo da rede de atenção, assumindo o acompanhamento continuado e a identificação de necessidades. De modo geral, foram identificadas ações de coordenação do cuidado mais bem estruturadas nas ações internas em nível primário, sobretudo aquelas de atenção às gestantes. Quando o trabalho de coordenação envolvia a rede, o destaque foi para a ausência da contrarreferência e para a informalidade nos processos de continuidade da atenção.(AU)

The aim of this study was to understand the coordination of primary health care for pregnant women and breast and cervical cancer patients. The attribute was understood as the responsibility family health care workers have for coordinating care delivery, including continuous follow-up and the identification of patient needs. Overall, the findings show that care coordination was better structured at internal primary care level, particularly pregnancy care. When coordination involved the care network, the findings highlight lack of counter-referral and informal processes for the continuity of care.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue entender la coordinación del cuidado por parte de la Atención Primaria de la Salud para casos de gestación, cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino. El atributo fue entendido como la responsabilidad que los profesionales de los equipos de salud de la familia tienen para coordinar la atención prestada a los usuarios en la red de atención, asumiendo el acompañamiento continuado y la identificación de necesidades. Por lo general, se identificaron acciones de coordinación del cuidado mejor estructuradas en las acciones internas en el nivel primario, principalmente para aquellas de atención a las gestantes. Cuando el trabajo de coordinación envolvía la red, el destaque fue para la ausencia de la contrarreferencia y para la informalidad en los procesos para la continuidad de la atención.(AU)

Roles of local healthcare workers in the humanitarian response in South Sudan: a literature review

Introduction: Armed conflict is devastating to the health system, is a public health concern and recovery is an enormous challenge. The independence of South Sudan in 2011 brought much hope. However, eight years later, the country is still at conflict with itself. Although rich in resources, it is ranked among the poorest in the world and depends on donor funding for most service delivery, especially health. In an international context, promoting the localisation of humanitarian aid and the integration of health services, there is a lot to learn from the roles being played by healthcare workers (HCWs) throughout the conflict in South Sudan. Method: A literature review was conducted to identify the roles of local HCWs in South Sudan since 2011. Four databases were searched, grey literature sourced, and snowballing done to capture additional documents for a comprehensive analysis. Questions were adapted from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative and systematic reviews guided appraisals of the articles. Results were systematically coded, synthesised and summarised using a priori and emergent themes. Results: The health system in South Sudan is very fragmented with heavy dependence on humanitarian aid. There is serious shortage in health workforce with heavy reliance on unskilled workers to fill in the gaps, mainly in rural settings. Although close collaboration exists among different stakeholders to deliver integrated services, poor infrastructure, insecurity, lack of capacity and donor dependency still poses a challenge towards localisation of aid and sustainability. Conclusions: The literature reviewed for this study indicates that the road towards localisation of health care is possible but will depend highly on continued collaboration between the different contributors, integration of services, building capacity of the nationals, increased government funding and infrastructural development. Local involvement of HCWs by international agencies is paramount in ownership and sustainability of services.

Evaluation of China Comprehensive AIDS Response Program in 2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the work indicators of China Comprehensive AIDS Response Program (China CARES) and provide reference for future work of the program. Methods: The scores of each indicator were calculated, and different scores among different types of program areas were compared. The M(Q1,Q3) was used to describe the score of each indicator. The entropy weight method was used to calculate the composite score of each indicator and the composite score was translated into a 100-point system and compared among indicators. Results: In terms of the first-level indicators, organizational leadership and management (96.0 points), publicity and education (94.0 points), and innovative strategies and measures (98.0 points) got relatively high scores; while comprehensive social governance of AIDS prevention (72.0 points) was with the lowest score. The scores of publicity and education and comprehensive intervention in county-level program areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas. For secondary indicators, the indicator with relatively lower scores included "condom use among female sex workers last time" (70.0 points)", "at least one local key population has an increase in the number of people receiving HIV testing compared with the previous year" (70.0 points)", "colleges and occupational schools set up AIDS-related self-service facilities" (65.0 points), "HIV testing among the arrested people suspected of prostitution, adultery, drug users and traffickers" (55.0 points) and "condom use among men who have sex with men during last episode" (50.0 points). The "indicator 3 comprehensive intervention" contributed most to the evaluation, while "indicator 7 innovation strategies and measures" played a minor role in the evaluation results. Conclusions: The overall situation of AIDS Response Program in 2020 was good, but the progress in different word areas was not yet balanced. The two areas of comprehensive intervention and comprehensive social governance of AIDS prevention should be strengthened. It is also suggested that relevant indicators be adjusted appropriately to improve evaluation indicators system and comprehensively promote the program.

Desenvolvimento de aplicativo móvel para avaliar, tratar e prevenir lesão por pressão / Desarrollo de aplicación móvil para evaluar, tratar y prevenir lesión por presión / Development of a mobile app to assess, treat and prevent pressure injury

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver e analisar um aplicativo móvel para avaliação, prevenção e tratamento da lesão por pressão. Métodos Foram quatro as fases para desenvolvimento da estrutura do aplicativo denominado Lesão por Pressão-App. A primeira fase correspondeu à concepção do aplicativo e identificou a necessidade de seu desenvolvimento. A segunda fase foi a elaboração do protótipo do aplicativo, na qual seu conteúdo foi definido com base em revisão integrativa da literatura. A terceira fase foi a da construção do aplicativo, quando o fluxograma foi elaborado, o banco de dados pôde ser estruturado e o software, desenvolvido. Na quarta fase, de transição, os testes de funcionalidade do aplicativo foram realizados. A avaliação do aplicativo foi realizada por 12 enfermeiros (juízes) por meio da técnica de Delphi e com o uso do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados A maioria dos juízes considerou o aplicativo, na primeira avaliação, entre inadequado e totalmente adequado, porém, na segunda avaliação, ele foi avaliado entre adequado e totalmente adequado. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo dos tópicos avaliados variou de 0,83 a 1,0 na primeira avaliação. Após realizar as correções, o aplicativo foi reavaliado, e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi 1,0, caracterizando um excelente conteúdo. Conclusão O aplicativo Lesão por Pressão-App foi validado por profissional com experiência na área, mostrando a concordância do conteúdo entre os juízes na segunda avaliação.

Resumen Objetivo Desarrollar y analizar una aplicación móvil para la evaluación, prevención y tratamiento de la lesión por presión. Métodos Hubo cuatro fases para el desarrollo de la estructura de la aplicación denominada Lesión por Presión-App. La primera fase correspondió a la concepción de la aplicación e identificó la necesidad de desarrollarla. La segunda fase fue la elaboración del prototipo de la aplicación en la que se definió el contenido con base a la revisión integradora de la literatura. La tercera fase fue la de la construcción de la aplicación, en la que se elaboró el diagrama de flujo, se pudo estructurar el banco de datos y el software, desarrollado. En la cuarta fase, de transición, se realizaron los ensayos de funcionalidad de la aplicación. La evaluación de la aplicación la realizaron 12 enfermeros (jueces) a través de la técnica de Delphi y con el uso del Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados La mayoría de los jueces consideró que, en la primera evaluación, la aplicación estaba entre inadecuada y totalmente adecuada. Sin embargo, en la segunda evaluación, fue evaluada entre adecuada y totalmente adecuada. El Índice de Validez de Contenido de los tópicos evaluados tuvo una variación de 0,83 a 1,0 en la primera evaluación. Después de realizar las correcciones, la aplicación pasó por nueva evaluación y el Índice de Validez de Contenido fue de 1,0, caracterizándolo como un excelente contenido. Conclusión La aplicación "Lesão por Pressão-App" (Lesión por Presión-App) fue evaluada por un profesional experimentado en el área, evidenciando la conformidad del contenido entre los jueces en la segunda evaluación.

Abstract Objective To develop and analyze a mobile app for pressure injury assessment, prevention, and treatment. Methods There were four phases to develop the structure of an application called Lesão por Pressão-App. The first phase corresponded to the application design and identified the need for its development. The second phase was developing the application prototype, in which its content was defined based on an integrative literature review. The third phase was the application construction, when the flowchart was elaborated, the database could be structured and the software developed. In the fourth phase, transition, application functionality tests were performed. The application was assessed by 12 nurses (judges) using the Delphi technique and using Content Validity Index. Results Most judges considered the application, in the first assessment, between inadequate and totally adequate; however, in the second assessment, it was assessed between adequate and totally adequate. The Content Validity Index of the topics assessed ranged from 0.83 to 1.0 in the first assessment. After making the corrections, the application was re-assessed, and Content Validity Index was 1.0, featuring excellent content. Conclusion The application Lesão por Pressão-App was validated by a professional with experience in the field, showing the agreement of content among judges in the second assessment.

Comparación del desempeño técnico-asistencial en programas escolares con diferentes modalidades de implementación / Comparison of technical-assisstance performance in school programs with different implementation modalities

Se comparó el desempeño técnico-asistencial de 2 programas de atención odontológica con iguales protocolos de atención y diferente modalidad de implementación. Ambos programas se caracterizaron por un perfil preventivo-promocional; uso de protocolos validados según riesgo biológico, atención odontológica adaptada a sedes no convencionales, recursos asignados por método de necesidades; ejecución por recurso humano pre-profesional supervisado y modulación por altas. La modalidad de implementación difirió en la densidad/concentración de las actividades realizadas: en el Programa Extensivo (PE) las acciones se implementaron con frecuencia semanal; en el Programa Intensivo (PI) las acciones se concentraron en una semana en el año. Cobertura anual: PE = 120 escolares de 6 a 9 años de edad; PI = 180 escolares y preescolares de 3 a 12 años de edad. Se midió la cantidad de prestaciones, sesiones y tiempo -en minutos- hasta alcanzar el Alta Básica Operativa (ABO). Para comparar grupos (PI y PE) se utilizaron los tests: U de Mann Whitney, t de Student para mues-tras independientes, chi cuadrado y comparación de proporciones. La razón de prestaciones/sesión fue significativamente mayor (p=0,000) en el programa intensivo. El número de prestaciones hasta el alta (ABO) y la razón tiempo/sesión no mostraron diferencias entre programas (p=0,8 p=0,087), mientras que se evidenció una mayor razón tiempo/prestación y tiempo en alcanzar el alta (ABO) en la modalidad extensiva (p=0,000). La modalidad intensiva mostró mayor eficiencia en el desempeño técnico asistencial que la extensiva (AU)

Aim: To compare technical-care performance of 2 dental care programs with the same care protocols and different implementation modalities. Both programs shared the following features: preventive-promotional profile; use of validated clinical protocols according to biological risk, dental care adapted to non-conventional settings, allocation of resources by needs method; supervised pre-professional human resource and modulation by discharges. The implementation mode differed in the density/concentration of the activities: in the extensive program (EP) the actions were implemented on a weekly basis along the year; in the intensive program (IP) the actions were concentrated in one week in the year. Annual coverage of the programs: 180 schoolchildren and preschoolers (3 -12 years old); EP = 120 schoolchildren (6 - 9 years old). We measured the following variables: the number of dental services performed, the number of sessions and the time, in minutes, to reach the basic operating discharge (BOD). We used the following tests to compare groups (IP and EP): Mann Whitney U; Student's t for independent samples, chi square and comparison of proportions test. The action per session ratio was significantly higher (p=0.000) in the intensive program. The number of actions performed until discharge (BOD) and the time per session ratio did not show differences between programs (p=0.8 p=0.087). In the extensive mode, compared to intensive mode, it took longer to reach discharge (BOD) (p=0.000) The program implemented with intensive modality (PI) showed greater efficiency regarding technical-care performance when compared to the extensive mode (AU)